Self Assessment Tests I Didn t Know About Myself Essay

Based on the results of the several self-assessment tests I completed, I confirmed things that I knew about myself, and I was surprised to have learned other things I didn’t know about myself. This course has taught me a lot about many different aspects of life, especially about my life, ranging from my personality to my skills and abilities. The Myers-Briggs type indicator defined my personality as ESTJ. ESTJ stands for extraverted, sensing, thinking, and judging. ESTJ describes a person who is practical, decisive, logical and quick to dig in. I have also taken the Gallup Strengths finder test, which identified my top five strengths as Learner, Achiever, Restorative, Competitiveness and Focus. My weaknesses, on the other hand, were more surprising. Some of the things I thought I had mastered and others that I was not sure about turned out to be weak skills. These weak skills included, time management, handling facts and inferences, intuitive ability and tolerance for ambiguit y. My weaknesses, as well as my strengths, will contribute to my success or failure; although, don’t believe in failures, this is the reason why I love Nelson Mandela’s quote â€Å"I never lose, I either win or learn.† Besides the strengths found by both the personality test and the strengths finder test, after completing the personal career readiness self-assessment test, I scored an eight out of ten. A score of eight out of ten translates into good skills that should be nurtured now andShow MoreRelatedThe Journey Presentation : I Was Scared1627 Words   |  7 Pagesof the semester, I was scared because I didn t know what to expect from this course. At that time, I was still getting used to the idea that I am not in Elementary school anymore. High school was very different from what I expected to be. I was still getting used to the amount of effort that needs to be put in a work, amount hours you need to study and do your homework and many more. I used to thin k that GLS is not going to help me academically and it just an unnecessary course. I use to sit and doRead MoreJeff Bezos2142 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent decisions he took. The clearest ones are that he is creative, ambitious, broad minded, adventurous, courageous, intellectual and helpful. He has been creative as he thought out of the box and used some statistics about the internet usage rate along with the idea that books isn t a thing that people would need to see and try before buying to mix them together and start the all new idea of selling books online, and thus started a small company based on a dream from his house and then shifted toRead MoreThe First Game Was An Mla Puzzle Game2136 Words   |  9 PagesThe first game was an MLA puzzle game. I had taken one of my papers, pasted it to chipboard (the cardboard for puzzles), and cut it into puzzle pieces. Some pieces were paragraphs, one was the heading with my name and class information, and each of the sources on the W orks Cited page was one piece. I highlighted in different colors the parts of my thesis statement and a corresponding word in each paragraph to help them see the order the paragraphs should go in. Each of the groups finished well withinRead MoreProfessional Development5547 Words   |  23 Pages ID:60027 Module Name: Personal and Professional Development Module Tutor: Mr. Mizanur Rahman 02/06/2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................i ABSTRA........................................................................................................................ii Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........................6 P1 6 P2 8 P3 10 P4 11 D1.........................Read MoreDemocratic Leadership Style With Your Best Judgment Essay3117 Words   |  13 Pagesa) According to me i think i have got Democratic Leadership style because i really like to work in a team. Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but they include team members in the decision-making process. They encourage creativity, and people are often highly engaged in projects and decisions. As a result, team members tend to have high job satisfaction and high productivity. I personally believe that the democratic leadership style should be used by every leader and person. If you areRead MorePatient Teaching4239 Words   |  17 PagesTeaching HLST 320 Caroline C December 31st, 2007 Introduction: I have chosen breastfeeding as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific clientà ¨le will be the new mother at between 2 and 7 days postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a community health nurse working with children and young families, I do initial postpartum visits at home. Breastfeeding is a very complex skill, natural, yet sometimes difficult to do. The clientRead MoreDemocratic Leadership Style With Your Best Judgment Essay3553 Words   |  15 Pages According to me I think I have got Participative (Democratic Leadership) style because I really like to work in a team. Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but they include team members in the decision-making process. They encourage creativity, and people are often highly engaged in projects and decisions. As a result, team members tend to have high job satisfaction and high productivity. I personally believe that the democratic leadership style should be used by every leader andRead MoreCriticism Of Andrew Clark An American Politician From The Early 1800s2728 Words   |  11 PagesI am sure you would agree with me when I say we cannot escape the inevitability (in ev i ta bility) of criticism. Aristotle once said, â€Å"Criticism is something we can avoid easily by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.† But I beg to disagree because people will criticize you for saying nothing, doing nothing and being nothing. Someone once said, Criticism is the muck in which the plants of the Lord grow strong and no child of God should fear Criticism. Criticism has the potential toRead MoreSocial And Cultural Diversity : Beyond Racism3572 Words   |  15 Pageswas chosen because that is where I wish the world will be some day. Where everyone doesn?t see differences of one?s melanin or culture or status in life, but sees the likeness of the humanity in our hearts, where our true self lies. That doesn?t mean I don?t have any biases; because I do. Some I had growing up, others I have now. But either way, I always wanted to eradicate them because they only destroy you and your ability to be nondiscriminatory. The bias I have now, and it fits into todayRead MoreTherapeutic Styles of Counselling4870 Words   |  20 Pageschildren yet, and the couple was wondering about the right time for having children. This has been an area of disagreement between George and his wife and has led to a number of heated arguments between the two of them. George described himself as fairly conservative and not a risk taker, and said that sometimes he couldn’t believe he had accepted a job in such a large company. On questioning, George said that he sometimes felt OK and reasonably good about himself, but that these good feelings frequently

The Subtext in Animal Farm by George Orwell - 740 Words

Even though some people might take it offensive to compare such terrible historical events to an animal farm, I think this approach interests the reader and makes it more understandable and exciting. My position is that it is more effective to show George Orwells political views through an allegorical fable because this way the story seems less harsh, than if you were to read about what Stalin and Napoleon really did to the world in those weeks. In Animal Farm, George Orwell’s political views are shown in an entirely new light, as he explains the reader his opinions throughout an allegorical fable in a more settled way. Animal Farm is also categorized as a satirical novel, because it is taking a very brutal story about the hierarchy and fights between Stalin, Napoleon, Karl Marx and spread of communism, and then choose to make a theater of this with cute animals like pigs, dogs, cats, pigeons. That is shown with this quote: â€Å"†Why should we care what happens after we are dead?† or â€Å"If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?† and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism† (16-17) The animals don’t get why they have to fight, but since their ‘masters’ say they have to do it they are left with no choice but doing it. By doing this he wasn’t name calling any of the powerful men, and he also let the reader do their own thinking, making their own

PaperTowns by John Green Essay free essay sample

Life is very complex and often hard to define. However, this challenge does not stop people from trying to sum up the meaning of life in one word. In Paper Towns by John Green, the three metaphors the strings, the grass, and the vessel are used throughout the book to chronicle the protagonist’s, Quentin, experiences. The novel revolves around Quentin Jacobsen, a high school senior. When his former best friend and long time crush, Margo Roth Spiegelman, comes back into his life and then suddenly disappears, Q attempts to piece together the clues he believes Margo left behind for him. Each of these three metaphors represent what Q is feeling and allow him to view life from different perspectives. As he moves throughout his journey in the book, Q analyzes and assesses each other these three metaphors, casting aside the ones he does not agree with as he develops his own. As the reader, one naturally also considers and interprets each metaphor as it arises. One applies it to their own life to better understand it. After doing so, the real question for the reader becomes clear: which metaphor, the strings, the grass, or the vessel, best represents life? â€Å"If you choose strings, then you’re imagining world in which you can become irreparably broken. †(301) The metaphor for life â€Å"strings† was first used by Margo in response to the suicide of Robert Joyner. When Q and herself were discussing what would cause someone to take their own life, she suggests that perhaps all of his strings broke. This metaphor implies that all the hardships, obstacles, adversity, basicly anything that cause us pain, is irreversible damage. In this sense, life is more fatal than death, every obstacle we face slowly clipping away at our soul; never to be repaired. In a way, the strings metaphor makes sense; we all have a finite amount of strings and every hardship we take affects our mortality. These events sever our string, one by one, until we have none left, which we call death. This notion makes sense as traumatic, painful experiences will always be sometime that we carry with us. We never fully heal from these events and they affect our lives from that point on. However, I think the strings metaphor makes life sound more fragile than it actually is. Failures, hardships, obstacles are not fatal. Though they do affect us, they also provide a choice: to either allow these events to lead to instability or work to strengthen the strings we have left. Yes, eventually, all of our strings are cut; the battle is over. We spend our entire lives in combat and the end is inevitable. Life is just a constant battle to continue to exist. Though we may repair and grow as people, our days are numbered. Strings make life sound like a countdown to death; â€Å"Four strings to go, now three, two, one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the book, Q reflects on the dual implications of this metaphor, â€Å"I like strings. I always have. Because that’s how it feels. But the strings make pain seem more fatal than it is†¦ we are not as frail as the strings would make us believe. †(302) Though there is some truth in this metaphor, I believe that it focuses too much on the futility of our existence; that no matter how valiantly we fight, we will someday cease to exist. â€Å"If you choose grass, you’re saying we are all infinitely interconnected, that we can use these root systems not only to understand one another but to become one another. †(301) This metaphor states that we all share a common root system and are infinitely connected. Though this it ia good thing as it allows us to understand others, it is also a bad thing as it gives people the outlet to become one another. This is a dangerous metaphor as it is implied that the success of another is also the success of yourself. We cannot not live out our dreams through other people. Doing so is neither satisfying nor healthy. Experiencing life solely through another is not a life worth living. However, the grass metaphor does serve some purpose. Q uses it to truly understand the real Margo, rather than the person he has been imagining since childhood, â€Å"The grass got me to you, helped me imagine you as an actual person. The grass allows us to sympathize with one another. Though we may not always be bounded to this universal entity, we are still one race and are connected simply by that and, therefore should support each other as much as possible. The grass allows us the possibility to be happy for someone’s success without becoming that person. The happiness of others is significant in the personal pursuit of happiness. Though we rely on others to make up the background of our existence, as Q puts it, â€Å"We are not different sprouts from the same plant. I can’t be you. You can’t be me.   Well, this metaphor hold some merit, it does not coincide with my vision of life and its purpose. The Vessel metaphor, offers the a different not, so black and white view of life. Nothing in this life is absolute and things and people are ever changing. People project certain images, whether it is who they want to be or as a defense mechanism to hide their true self. Others perceive and internalize those projections and make judgements based on that. These are largely stereotypical and one-dimensional, rarely showing the true person. This is similar to Q false imagine of Margo throughout most of the book. Throughout life, we see people succeed and struggle. Whether we realize it or not, we are actually witnessing the deterioration of their vessel. As mistakes and pain cut away at the exterior of the vessel, we are further able to see a honest view of the person within. This deterioration may have consequences as others may see what you or they don’t want to see. However, this deterioration is a part of life’s journey to discover yourself and to let others see what you find because â€Å"it is the only time we can see each other because we see out of ourselves through our cracks and into others through theirs†¦ the light get in. The light can get out. †(302) The vessel allows death to seem less harsh. We deteriorate slowly, crack by crack, bit by bit. As we encounter hardships that shape who we are, our cracks can be mended. Though we won’t exactly be the same, we can still recover, repair, and grow. However, eventually, this deterioration becomes too great to bare. We can repair but not indefinitely. I believe this metaphor holds the most truth. We aren’t definable in a single glance and adversity doesn’t cause us irreversible damage. At no point in life is there a point of no return; there is always hope for ourselves and others. No mistakes or failures we make define us. We are forever changing and this metaphor reflects that. Metaphors allow us to make sense of life in ways that we otherwise wouldn’t be able to. In the novel, the strings, the grass, and the vessel do just that. They embody what Q feels and how he sees the world at different points throughout the book. Each metaphor allow Q to move throughout the book and grow. Though all of these metaphors hold some merit to describe life, I believe that the vessel is the most effective. The vessel shows that while we can be damaged by pain or trauma, we are not broken beyond repair. It proves that things can get better and the battle is never completely lost. Unlike the strings, the vessel tells us that life is not so fragile and that failures and mistakes do not chip away at our whole person. Unlike the grass, the vessel allows to be our own person and not to live through the life and success of another. The vessel proves that, in fact, pain and hurt can actually improve us, allowing others to see other true self in ways that they would not otherwise be able to. The vessel shows that life is not so black and white and encompasses the inevitable complexities of life.

The Tragedy of King Lear Essay Example

The Tragedy of King Lear Essay A Comparison of Psychological and Physical Deceit and Disguise In many of Shakespearean works, he suggests that appearances are not reflective of reality and uses this idea to develop many subplots in his works. He is notorious for constructing these false identities to advance the plotting and create unsuspecting twists. As his plays progress, different characters employ different strategies to promote their actions, with some opting to psychologically deceive their targets while others select to physically disguise themselves as someone else. Shakespearean King Lear, Is no exception; he portrays this theme through the various disguises of an array of characters that utilize deceit to reach their goals, which range from being supportive to being sinister. This element of deceit and disguise is first established in the opening scene when the reader discovers that King Lear Is planning to delve his kingdom between his three daughters. He tests his daughters by demanding them to proclaim their love for him, with the intentions of awarding the daughter who displays her love to him the best with the largest share of his kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of King Lear specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of King Lear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of King Lear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The play as Just begun and Shakespearean theme of fake appearances has already arisen, as the outside appearances that each of the sisters displays for their father is not in accordance with their actual thoughts. General and Reagan, King Learns two oldest daughters, both spin verbose and grandeur explanations about their deep love for him with General starting off by stating, Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter Beyond all manners of so much I love you (1. 1. 60-67). Reagan then plays off of her sisters lead and begins to say, l am made of that self mettle as my sister And mind I am alone felicitate / In your dear Highness love (1. 1. 76-84). This psychological ploy they use on King Lear seems to work, as he becomes frustrated and dissatisfied with his youngest daughter, Cordilleras, answer. As King Lear waits for her to match her sisters responses, Cornelia refuses to make such comments, asserting that, Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave / My heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty / According to my bond, no more nor less (1. 1. 100-102). As a result of this, King Lear disowns Cornelia, abolishes her from the kingdom and splits the kingdom between the other two sisters. Following this incident, the Earl of Kent, who is the Kings most loyal nobleman and servant, while attempting to reconcile the King about his brash decision to banish Cornelia, is also hastily exiled from the kingdom for giving his opinion on the matter. Here, you can see that King Lear has let his emotions get the best of him as he tells Kent, Five days we do allot thee for provision To shield thee from disasters of the world, And on the sixth to turn thy hated back Thy banished trunk be found in our dominions, The moment is thy death. Away! By Jupiter, This shall not be revoked. (1. . 197-203) Not only has the plans of obtaining the power of the kingdom gone according to their plan, but General and Reagan were also able to unexpectedly rid the kingdom of two of their potential obstacles to the throne: one being Learns favorite daughter, Cornelia, and the other being his most loyal servant, Kent. The aftermath of this sequence of events turns out to play a large role in the future, as the King will soon learn that he made a mistake. Even though this is only the start of psychological deception in the play, the importance of its presence sets the tone for the play and makes it clear that everyone is susceptible to such trickery, even the almighty King. As the plot of King Lear and his daughters begins to develop in the opening scene, we are simultaneously introduced to another one of King Learns nobleman, the Earl of Gloucester. Early on, we learn that Gloucester is an adulterer and has a bastard son, Edmund. In contrast to Edmund is Edgar, Gloucester oldest and legitimate son. At the beginning of the second scene of the Act One, Edmund gives a soliloquy on the lack of respect and class he has received for being a bastard, stating that Thou, Nature, art my goddess Now, gods, stand up for bastards (l. I. 1-23)! Here we learn of Edmunds plan to betray Edgar, by means of a forged letter, which documents Edgers plan to kill his own father. When Gloucester reads the letter, he barely questions the authenticity of the letter and lets his emotions overcome him, O villain, villain! Abominable villain! (l. Ii. 79). Afterwards, Edmund meets up with Edgar and alerts him of the news that Gloucester is livid at Edgar and that he is chasing him. Pretending to be of assistance to Edgar, Edmund suggests that he avoid Gloucester as much as possible and to remain armed in case Gloucester finds him. Here, Edgar naively mistakes Edmunds plan to protect his own brother as a sign of sincerity because of Edmunds ability to swiftly talk coupled with his deceptive nature. This makes it easy for Edmund to take advantage of the trusting and gullible personality of Edgar. In reality, Edmund is merely setting the bait for Gloucester to fully turn his back on Edgar so that Gloucester will anoint Edmund as the next heir to the throne. Edmund succeeds in accomplishing the next step of his plan when he convinces Edgar to flee Gloucester castle as their father approaches the room. Right when Edgar flees, Edmund intentionally wounds his arm, affirming Some blood drawn on me would beget opinion / Of my more fierce endeavor. I have seen drunkards / Do more than this in sport. / Father! Father (11. 1. 36-39)! By framing Edgar for his wounds as he fled the scene, Edmund has now secured Gloucester trust which has led him to the condemnation of Edgers death. As the two plots continue to unravel, more disguises begin to unfold, with one of them being Kent after he was expelled from Learns Kingdom. Instead of double crossing his friends and family like Edmund had, Kent chose to return to Learns kingdom, disguised as an ordinary peasant, even though he had been wronged by Lear. When asked by King Lear who he was, Kent simply replied, A man, sir (l. V. 1 1). Lear seemed to be content with the mans answer and allowed the newly disguised Kent to become his new servant. Even after that Kent was using was not of any importance, his characteristics lead him to be different than almost every character in the play. His role and physical disguise of being a random, selfless person who cares about the well-being of the King over his win safety Juxtaposes the psychological disguise the two sisters, Genera l and Reagan, displayed back in Act One. Even though Kent has no familial relations to the King, he cared more about the King than the Kings own two daughters did. Not only did the two sisters deceive Lear into dividing his kingdom amongst them, but they both treated Lear with disrespect and banished him from their respective kingdoms. One cannot simply put a price Kens loyalty to King Lear, even after being expatriated by the King. Much like Kent, Edgar was also forced away from his kingdom ND was required to disguise himself as a means of protection. Under the name of Poor Tom, Edgar disguised himself as a beggar; however, unlike Kent, Edgers entire persona changed. In an aside, we learn that throughout Edgers time as a homeless man, there was no possibility that life could have been worse for him And worse I may be yet. The worst is not / So long as we can say This is the worst (IV. I. 30-31). It is only during his time as a homeless man that he knows that life couldnt get any worse. Such logic would make sense in this situation because it is only at a mans utmost lowest point where he becomes the true essence of what he is. With that being said, by spending time as a beggar and being homeless, Edgers body is stripped away to the very pith of his being and it is there that he finds what he is truly made of. When Edgar has almost fully adjusted to his new life as a homeless bum, he then sees his father, Gloucester, walking towards him, but without any eyes. Here, Gloucester believes that Edgar is Poor Tom and also divulges that he knows that Edgar is innocent and that it was Edmund who was behind everything. Gloucester hen asks Edgar to lead him to Dover, where There is a cliff, whose high and bending head / Looks fearfully in the confined deep shall no leading need (IV. Ii. 83-88). At this point in the play, I was puzzled as to why Edgar did not disclose his real identity to his father, but I believe that it all boiled down to his father condemning him to death, which would always be hard to forgive. Edgar would eventually deceive Gloucester by not letting him commit suicide and Jump off of the cliffs of Dover, but instead Jump onto flat ground. This means of deception was a necessity to prevent Gloucester from killing himself which was easily diverted. After experiencing so many life-altering events, Edgar had finally grown into and found his new identity. Having become encapsulated in this new physical disguise that he had finally developed into, it ultimately gave him the strength and mental fortitude to face and defeat his brother in the final scene. By creating and interweaving these deceptions and disguises amongst all the characters, Shakespeare is able to more effectively develop the characters of the play. Much like the formal title, The Tragedy of King Lear, it was tragic and quite ironic that at the end of the play neither Kent nor Edgar got a chance to adequately reveal their true identities that were hiding beneath their disguises to both King Lear and Gloucester. Lear was far too delusional to understand Kens explanation that he was the Kings new servant due to the combination of his uneasy mental state along with Cordilleras corpse in his arms, whereas we learn that Gloucester died from shock when Edgar attempted to reveal Shakespeare ends the play with only three surviving characters, leaving the reader to contemplate the mystery of their futures.

The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement Free Online Research Papers The Civil rights was about gaining right for African Americans and Women. Many people in the north opposed the unfair treatment of African American. African Americans in the north had it much better, voted freely, and discrimination was hardly noticeable. The Thirteenth Amendment officially outlawed slavery, which freed thousands of slave, also outlawed any forced labor. But they weren’t exactly free they didn’t have full rights. When the Civil War ended many southern states passed the black codes, which kept African Americans from keeping a certain job, limited their property rights and restricted them in many other ways. States government may not take an individual’s life, liberty, or property without due process of law. There were many cases where the supreme court ignored the interpretation of the fourteenth amendment. Last civil war amendments, means no state can take away a person’s voting rights on the foundation of race, color or previous enslavement.† Suffrage-the right to vote- to African Americans.† The Fifteenth Amendment only protected men in practice. Various states had the power to decide whether women could vote. The nineteenth didn’t guarantee women the right to vote. With Leaders like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped the slow process of the suffrage of women. The nineteenth amendment protected the rights of women to vote in all national elec tion and state election. The twenty-third amendment African Americans and were not the only citizens who were denied voting rights. Because the district is not a state, the people who lived there were initially allowed to vote in national elections. But the 23rd amendment changed that in 1961. In the Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. Most of the southern states had poll taxes, which was where they required voters to pay a sum of money before casting a vote. So many Africans Americans couldn’t afford the tax. And many poor Americans couldn’t vote either. But in 1964 the national government made it illegal in the national election, which was all due to the twenty-fourth amendment. On August 23, 1963, there were over 200,000 people marching through Washington D.C. That was the day that Martin Luther King made the speech â€Å" I Have A Dream.† Which change the world forever. Many African Americans faced unfair treatment because of their race. African Americans and whites were separated in pubic places like schools. They even had to ride in the back of the bus even if the front of the bus was empty. This was all known as segregation. It took African Americans and women more that 100 years to gain their rights. Many Americans were against the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"In 1909 a group of African Americans and whites founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)† they usually worked through courts to test laws and customs that denied African Americans their rights. Then in 1910, more troubled citizens formed the national Urban League, which was formed to aid the growing number of African Americans in the cities like helping them find jobs. Millions supported the Civil Rights movement. In 1948 president Harry Truman put an end to segregation in the armed forces. The biggest success was when the supreme court made the decision of the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas, which was to end segregation in public schools. The National government came up with this program called Affirmative Action which was to make up for past discrimination. It promoted hiring of minorities and women. Colleges even practiced it too by helping minoritys go to college. Every year there a 75000 complaints are filed in because of Racial discrimination in the workplace. â€Å"Some Americans even become victims of hate crimes because their race, color, gender, Sexuality, or disability. Personally I think that the civil rights movement was the best thing that could happen to America. We have one of the best countries in the world. And everybody that is in it make it what it is. Everyday you see that people still discriminate against everybody. I mean people will sit there and try to call white people racist, when I feel that half of the time white people are being discriminated by a lot of African Americans. Research Papers on The Civil Rights Movement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

ROSS Surname Meaning and Family History

ROSS Surname Meaning and Family History The Ross surname has Gaelic origins and, depending upon the origin of the family, could have several different meanings: From ros, a peninsula, isthmus, or promontory signifying someone who lived on a headland.From rhos, Welsh for moor or bog; signifying someone who lived near a moor.From rose and rosh, signifying a valley or dale between hills.A descriptive name from the Middle English rous, meaning red-haired.A habitational name for one who came from the district of Ross, in Scotland.  Or from Rots near Caen in Normandy. Ross is the 89th most popular surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  ROSSE, ROS Famous People With the Surname ROSS Betsy Ross (born  Griscom):  widely credited with making the first American flagMarion Ross: American actress; best known for her role as Mrs. C on the 1970s sitcom Happy DaysNellie Ross (born Tayloe): first woman in the U.S. to serve as governor, and the first to direct the U.S. mint Where the Ross Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Ross surname today is most prevalent in the United States but is found in the greatest numbers (based on population percentage) in Scotland. It ranks as the 1,083rd most common surname in the world- and ranks among the top 100 surnames in Scotland (14th), Canada (36th), New Zealand (59th), Australia (69th) and the United States (79th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicate slightly different numbers from Forebears, putting the Ross surname as most common in Australia and New Zealand, based on frequency per million people. Within Scotland, the Ross surname is found in the greatest numbers in northern Scotland, including the Highlands, Aberdeenshire, Moray, and Angus. Genealogy Resources for the Surname  Ross 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Ross DNA Project: The Ross Family DNA Project seeks to use Y-DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy research to enable Ross families to determine if they share a common ancestor with other Ross families.  This project welcomes all derivatives of the surname (Ross, Ros, etc.).Ross  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ross  family crest or coat of arms for the Ross surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.ROSS  Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Ross  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestor s, or post your own Ross query. FamilySearch - ROSS  Genealogy: Explore over 5.2  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Ross surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Ross  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ross surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Ross Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Ross surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

DISASTER PREPARATION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISASTER PREPARATION - Research Paper Example If there are risk factors that could result into their own illness, that of their family members as well as those that they come into contact with. In the event of violence, they are encouraged to think about the available security services that are available at the scene of the disaster and this ensures their own safety and that of their patients. RNs have the responsibility to act ethically if the victims that they are helping out are members of their family or friends (American Nurses Association, 2010). However, RNs are advised to put their patients’ needs first at all times and this ensures that they act ethically at all times. Nurses have the duty to act according to the code of conduct governing the practice and this facilitates efficiency while handling disasters. Volunteering in a community wide disaster can be challenging for RNs in various ways. This is caused by various aspects that are present in a community-wide setting. First, volunteers are called upon to ensure the safety of their patients first. This means that they are forced to put their lives at risk. In relation to this point, volunteers put their lives at risk, those of their family members and those that they touch or talk to. This is owing to the fact that they might get an infection while volunteering and are in a position where they can transmit it to other members of the society. Secondly, ethical issues arise when helping out in community-wide disasters because these volunteers are likely to come into contact with friends and family (American Nurses Association, 2010). They may be tempted to help out their family first and this goes against the code of conduct governing their practice. This explains the reason as to why volunteers should be highly cautious in this situati on. The other challenge that I will be likely to face in community-wide disasters is the likelihood to face legal problems. This is because some of the members of the community recognize me and therefore

Business Formal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Formal Report - Essay Example The significant aspect of social media or online social networks is regarded to be one of the most incredible technical phenomena in this contemporary world. It has been viewed that most of the renowned business corporations which include Wal-Mart, Amazon and Kohl’s Corporation and other organizations are using the medium of social networking or social media by a greater extent. The aforesaid business companies believe that they can attain their expected business objectives such as enhancing profitability, increasing market share and mounting business reputation by using social networking medium. These organizations view social media as one of the effective business tools in marketing their valuable products in different regions of the world. The various important advantages of using social networking comprise broadening business contacts, enlarging market research and facilitating open communication with the customers. Additionally, the other major benefits of using a social networking medium comprise enhancing business reputation, growing substantial client-base, improving profitability as well as productivity and most importantly permitting the employees to discuss any sort of important ideas or share links with others. In relation to the findings of this study, certain recommendations have been framed in order to improve social media. In this regard, the different business corporations need to create attractive fan pages in order to post recent updates and share as well as upload attractive videos about their different products. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be stated that the use of a social networking medium can benefit the business organizations by a greater extent. ... The various important advantages of using social networking comprise broadening business contacts, enlarging market research and facilitating open communication with the customers. Additionally, the other major benefits of using a social networking medium comprise enhancing business reputation, growing substantial client-base, improving profitability as well as productivity and most importantly permitting the employees to discuss any sort of important ideas or share links with others. In relation to the findings of this study, certain recommendations have been framed in order to improve social media. In this regard, the different business corporations need to create attractive fan pages in order to post recent updates and share as well as upload attractive videos about their different products. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be stated that the use of a social networking medium can benefit the business organizations by a greater extent. Introduction The perception of soc ial networking involves the execution of online mediums or websites that facilitates the people to communicate or converse with their families and acquaintances. It is regarded as an act of networking as well as interacting with others within a social online setting through the execution of websites. The notion of social networking is also regarded as an imperative practice for the expansion of businesses by establishing social contacts or connections with the individuals through the aid of online websites. It has been apparently observed that a large portion of different business organizations employ this significant conception of social networking while performing their business operational functions throughout the globe. The

Saving Private Ryan Critique Essay Example for Free

Saving Private Ryan Critique Essay The visual and the realistic arts in Spielberg’s best ever The critics all over the world with their holistic approach endeavor to find the pros and cons of a 3 hour classic masterpiece directed and created by the gods of the theatrical arts. The modern world tends to be sufficed by the major events and their results in History but no one understands that texts are just one form of expression. As actions speak louder than words, Steven Spielberg in his 1998 realistic and heart-pounding â€Å"Saving Private Ryan† portrayed the most deadly and the biggest invasion campaign in American history- Normandy and D Day campaign. The realistic and graphic effects of this campaign made this the best movie scene from all of the Spielberg’s classics. Spielberg’s will to create a movie which soon became the voice and representation of the millions of gladiators who lost their lives in this tragic war for peace and democracy as coined by Roosevelt showed his wish to show the veracity of the war and the literal sensitivity of the soldiers. The setting of the war scenes is so popular as the famous PC game Medal of Honor took their exact battle setting to give their gamers a chance to feel the war setting. These visual effects of the movie are enough to quell the rising viewpoints of the discrete historians on the issue of World War two and Spielberg’s realistic approach corroborates the fact that US had to undergo through copious hindrances in order to be victorious. The one fact that makes this classical war movie as his best ever is that his previous thriller and fictional masterpieces like Jurassic park had the ability to amaze and enthrall the audiences but in this case the story and the plot is set in perfectly, to appeal to their inner emotions and is enough to give rise to a patriotic feeling similar to the 85’s majestic Rocky IV which was set in the stage of cold war. The first ten minutes of the movie is built up emotionally as first a war veteran brings his family to the American cemetery which is like a prologue to an emotionally eye-catching story. Spielberg’s realism acts here as an evidence to the genuine war situation as history cannot be trusted through words but can only be trusted and felt through visuals. The plot of the movie is first set in a boat as forty men reach a shore and are exterminated in a matter of seconds which shows the intent to create a psychological effect on the minds of their audiences. Other monumental scenes are when Private Caparzo takes charge of a German girl from a German family in order to protect her. Scenes like these are illustrated to depict the intervensionalist side of US for a paternalistic cause similar to their control of Philippines. Spielberg’s idea of risking lives of eight men for one man has overturned the idea of social Darwinism. As social Darwinism promotes the idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest† that same idea is applied here as, Private Ryan’s survival in the war should be dependent on his fitness but instead the fitness of eight men are put on the line for his survival. However, putting our superficial analytical approach beside and using our holistic approach, its quite evident that Spielberg tries to make this war look like all American as he ignored the contributions of other nations in the D Day landing on the Omaha beach specifically. On the other hand, Spielberg’s best ever can also be criticized on the basis of violence as we get to see handless and legless soldiers which are enough to call this an adult movie. Spielberg’s classic realistic masterpiece can be juxtaposed with other war epics like â€Å"Inglorious Basterds†, â€Å"Valkyrie† and â€Å"Enemy Behind the lines† but â€Å"Saving Private Ryan† is one step ahead of them because of its realistic, graphic and non-fictional approach.

Disrespect in The Sailor who Fell From Grace with the Sea and Wonderful

Disrespect in The Sailor who Fell From Grace with the Sea and Wonderful Fool   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout various works of world literature, respect is a major concern amongst the characters. This manifests itself in how the relationships between characters in the work are characterized. Sometimes lack of proper respect can be an auxiliary cause for conflict, while in other cases it can be the root of it. In Japanese culture, respect is considered very important in the relationships between different people; for example, it is customary to bow to one's elders and respect those of superior knowledge and ability. Failure to show such respect is taken offensively and considered extremely disrespectful. This important concept of disrespect is quite prevalent in both The Sailor who Fell From Grace with the Sea and Wonderful Fool, where the relationship characterization of the two main characters reflect this idea through the conflicts. In the former, Ryuji shows disrespect by patronizing Noboru, which causes conflict; in the latter, Gaston's lack o f response to the gangster Endo's disrespect is an auxiliary cause to the main conflict between them.    In Yukio Mishima's The Sailor who Fell From Grace with the Sea, Noboru has a very high opinion of his intellectual acumen. "At thirteen, Noboru was convinced of his own genius (each of the others in the gang felt the same way) . . ." (Mishima 8). Noboru, along with the other members of his gang, view themselves to be mature and intelligent. They believe that societal hierarchy restricts their intellect. They feel it to be their "special privilege" and that "[the gang members] are the ones who do the permitting . Teachers, schools, fathers, society - we permit all tho... ...ren are susceptible to this sort of flattery, and like it. However, since Noboru views himself as the farthest thing from a child, he is deeply offended; he views this patronization as disrespect. In Wonderful Fool, Gaston's unresponsiveness to Endo's disrespect becomes a secondary cause to the main conflict between them. Endo does not want Gaston around because to him Gaston represents sentimentality; therefore Endo tries to get rid of him by verbally berating him and at one point striking him. These conflicts resolve in different manners, however this concept of disrespect is a contributing factor to those conflicts and provoke the antagonism of each work.    Works Cited Endo, Shusaku. Wonderful Fool. London: Peter Owen Publishers, 1995. Mishima, Yukio. The Sailor Who Fell From Grace with the Sea. New York: Vintage International, 1993.   

Day of the Locust

Chris Phillips Professor Kirkpatrick English 1C March 31, 2010 Hollywood Illusions In The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West, illusion verse reality is one of the main themes of the novel. Hollywood is known for it’s acting, but the town and everyone that inhibit it seem to get carried away with trying to be something they aren’t. Nothing is really indigenous in Hollywood and everything is borrowed from another place. The houses have been designed to look like Irish cottages, Spanish villas, or Southern plantations while the characters often imagine themselves as someone other than who they really are. Tod states, â€Å"The fat lady in the yachting cap was going shopping, not boating; the man in the Norfolk jacket and Tyrolean hat was returning, not from a mountain, but an insurance office; and the girl in slacks and sneaks with a bandana around her head had just left a switchboard, not a tennis court† (60). West shows us that Hollywood is filled with fantasies and dreams rather than reality, which can best be seen through characters such as Harry and Faye Greener. Harry acts as if he has had a long and successful career as a star, when in reality he is just a washed up clown. Harry’s clowning act is used to sell his shoe polish. Harry knows that no one really wants to buy his shoe polish but he thinks that he is still a great actor and also realizes that people won't go out of their way to punish a clown. But clowning becomes compulsive because he acts in his everyday life. Harry is so caught up in his illusion that it ends up killing him. He becomes really sick but can only think and respond in terms of performance. While playing faint, he shockingly discovers that he really is faint. Having role-played so much, he can no longer tell when he is acting pain and feeling pain, pretending suffering and really suffering. Though Harry's illness is real, he continues to put on his act. After offering Harry some water Tod states, â€Å"Harry framed the word ‘no’ with his lips, then groaned skillfully. It was a second-act curtain groan, so phony that Tod had to hide a smile. And yet the old man's pallor hadn't come from a box† (119). The only way Harry knows to express suffering is by exaggeratedly pretending it. Tod was often at the Greener’s house to help the sick man, but it was hard to distinguish how in pain the old man really was. It seemed like another one of his clown acts, where being in pain is what made the act so funny. Even as Harry is dying, he wonders to himself whether he was acting or actually sick. Like her dad Faye is caught up in the dreams and fantasies of Hollywood. Faye thinks she’s a big time movie star when in fact she has only been an extra with a short part in a movie. She even believes she is too good for guys like Tod and can only be with someone who is rich and handsome. Faye is the center of obsessional sexual fantasies of all the males in the novel. She is an unloving woman and provides Tod with many sexual and violent fantasies. Tod begins to realize that Faye’s main goal is to lead men on with her performances. Faye’s sexual gestures became more of a formal greeting that she used very often. Her secret smiles and the way she acted were used to get whatever she wanted. She never fooled anyone though, but it was alright with them. West writes, â€Å"His interest in her grew despite the things she said and he continued to find her very exciting. Had any other girl been so affected, he would have thought her intolerable. Faye’s affectations, however, were so completely artificial that he found them charming. Being with her was like being backstage during an amateurish, ridiculous play† (103). They were perfectly content watching what seemed like an amateur show, just by being with her. Even when Harry dies, Faye, who has been treating him meanly, decides to act like the devoted daughter. She provides a proper funeral and decides to become a call girl for Mrs. Jenning's in order to pay for it. Everything from the people to the town itself seems to be fake and not what everyone expects when they think of Hollywood. West’s theme of illusion verse reality is shown with Faye always bouncing free to continue in her fantasies, or Harry not knowing what he feels because clownishly playing his disguised self, the Greeners show that for compulsive masqueraders little authentic life is possible. Faye and Harry make the audience sympathetic for them. They just seem so pathetic at times that it’s hard to not feel bad for them. Tod, Homer and many of Faye’s other suitors, went along with her poor acting because she was beautiful yet pathetic. West says, â€Å"Raging at him, she was still beautiful. That was because her beauty was structural like a tree's, not a quality of her mind or heart† (126). They all loved her for what they saw on the outside, not her stuck up ways and wild stories. For all of the characters in West’s novel, they are acting on an every day basis without even realizing it. Harry acts in pain to get attention. He pretends to need help from sympathetic people and then he tells them the crazy stories of when he was â€Å"famous. † His illusions are then backed up by his strong beliefs that he really was a good actor. If we look at Faye we see how she also has a very strong and misconstrued idea of reality. She believes she will one day be famous and in her everyday life, she acts like she already is. She bosses the men around, has to be the center of attention, and uses people to pay for her and get her ahead. Her daily acting and stage acting has become almost the same, as she makes everything dramatic. All of Hollywood is her stage as she acts out her life. Faye does a little better then her father when it comes to acting because she uses her beauty to get ahead. Her beauty helps the men forget how delusional she is when she speaks. Harry has nothing to use to his advantage except being old, and being Faye’s father, which gives him the company of Faye’s suitors. Faye’s suitors help Harry and listen to his nonsense just so they can be close to Faye. The Greener’s are so confused in their ideas of illusion versus reality that they will never get anywhere close to their dreams. Harry died the clown he always was, while Faye ended up stuck in her fantasies. Neither got what they wanted or expected from Hollywood. The city that was supposed to make all their dreams come true failed. The Greener’s showed us very clearly the line between illusion and reality. Throughout the novel we saw Harry and Faye act their way through their life. Everyone around them was just a part of the play. Tod and Homer had front and center seats to see the Greeners perform. The performance was sad but amusing for the audience. In the end, the play didn’t have a happy ending for anyone but the ride along the way proved to be full of surprises, pain, disappointment, and challenges. Faye and Harry although unsuccessful during their time in Hollywood showed everyone the problems with never facing reality. The truth of reality would have hurt them. If they saw just as everyone else did, that they were the â€Å"have-nots† in society, they might have changed. Instead Tod was the only one in the novel who changed. His change can be attributed to the Greeners and their acting. Through them, Tod finally felt sympathy and became a better person. Faye and Harry were constant throughout The Day of the Locust, which led them to despair. The Greener’s constant masquerading eventually became the fall of them, leading to reality. Work Cited West, Nathanael. Miss Lonelyhearts & the Day of the Locust. New York: New Directions Book, 2009. Print.

Globalization and Transnational Terrorism Defined Essay

The world nowadays is facing what is terrorism. Terrorism can be defined as the threat or use of violence with the intent of causing fear in a target group, in order to achieve some objectives e. g. political , where as Globalization is a process rather than an outcome. It is best defined as â€Å"the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of interaction†. 4 Today’s â€Å"globalization† is a product of the 1990s. Globalization is a critical feature of the context in which transnational terrorism has grown. Despite the tendency to view the current transnational terrorist threat as having religious inspiration, it is more accurate to see it as being motivated, at least in part, by the inequalities between nations as well as within them. It was after Sept. 11th when the US was attacked by the terrorists , the very discourse of international relations and global politics has been transformed. Before the event of Sept. 11th, the important and most talked about issues were geo-economics in nature. International Submits and organization had agendas of Globalization and humanitarian. But now geopolitics and security concerns have once again become the central issue . There were many improvements regarding politically front where there became a consensus that democracy was not only the best but also the only legitimate way of organizing modern polities. the globalization of the economy was a foregone conclusion as nations scrambled to liberalize their economies in order to live up to the new standards set by the World Trade Organization whereas In the social arena, lifestyle and tastes shaped by multinational consumer corporations were well on the way to change the global popular culture. But just after the Sept. 11th event there was great sense of insecurity that because of terrorism inspired the US economy and the government, the two most important forces behind globalization, and that has resulted in a reassertion of sovereignty by the US and other nations. The fear that liberal standards are facilitating terrorism is causing the US and other European Union members to control transborder transactions. There are efforts to stop the resources moving from one place to another and this has lead to greater scrutiny of banks and setting up of strict measures that will prevent the flow of capital. There is a trend today’s more VISA restriction , keeping an eye on the foreigners just because to prevent any mishap. Governments are engaged in international cooperation in order to monitor the flow of information, people and monies across countries. These measures have resulted in the change of priorities in which means that cost is now second to security. If this state of affairs persists, globalization be retarded and the very instruments that facilitate and accelerate globalization will be blunted. Globalization and Transnational Terrorism Defined Before exploring the relationship between globalization and transnational terrorism, it is very necessary to understand what often politicized and misinterpreted terms. Globalization is a process rather than an outcome. It is best defined as â€Å"the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of interaction†. Modern globalization has taken place in three forms: economic, cultural and political, each with its distinct features and effects. Transnational terrorism is terrorism that has transcended the confines of the territorially defined nation-state in terms of both its objectives and operations. Transnational terrorist groups are usually characterized by a universals ideology, enhanced mobility and communication networks, multinational sources of recruitment and funding, and cross-border operations. Kegley, (2002) Globalization as a Motivation for Terror Globalization is a critical feature of the context in which transnational terrorism has grown. Despite the tendency to view the current transnational terrorist threat as having religious inspiration, it be of no doubt that a part of transnational terrorism is motivated by the inequalities between nations as well as within them . Globalization has its fair share of â€Å"discontents†, while terrorists have always â€Å"aimed to exploit the frustrations of the common people†. Stapley , (2006). Globalization, in its various penetrative forms of westernization, secularization, democratization, consumerism and the growth of market capitalism, represents an onslaught to less privileged people in conservative cultures. It is certain through globalization U. S threaten traditions, religion and way of life, while bringing unfair distributions of wealth and power. This way, the growth of disgruntled communities has proven to be the primary source of recruitment and support for transnational terrorists globally. Nassar(2004) Through Cultural globalization western life and values are projected throughout the world via media and internet. Because of this some Countries feels this has an attack on their religious teachings and cultural traditions, and is generating movements of resistance, including support for transnational terrorism. Finally, terrorism can most importantly be traced to a fundamental motivation – the struggle for power. US has been very much benefited by the Political globalization where they formed strong alliances with national governments, including undemocratic and oppressive ones. US in order to protect its strategies interests extents its military might internationally, it also supports oppressive regimes and its the presence of US forces in Saudi Arabia, are some of the things that is not accepted by many countries. Therefore, to the extent that the economic, cultural and political dimensions of the US-led global order impinge upon and undermine Middle Eastern and/or Muslim ways of life, or at least are seen to do so, it elicits from militant Islamists and their supporters violent responses framed in the idiom. Nassar (2004) Globalization as an Enabler of Terror While terrorism aims to repel US-led globalization, it has concurrently harnessed globalization’s features in three primary ways, †¢ Through the exploitation of: new technologies. †¢ Global financial networks. †¢ reduced barriers to cross-border interactions Because of the above points modern transnational terrorism is and can be very dangerous. Globalization has enabled transnational terrorism through the exploitation of new technologies . Globalization age is known as the Information Revolution age , where revolution of computing , telecommunications and data – transfer took place . Making a proper use of these technological advancements such has internet , mobile phones and satellite telecommunications terrorist –related activities have increased their efficiency , coordination in operations , and communication between national and international borders. And it is only because of globalization features that terrorist activities or terrorism is no longer confined to a single nation or boundary but it now enjoys expanded range. It is also with the help of advance telecommunications network hat now transnational terrorist groups have defined there organizational structures , sharing principles of horizontal rather than vertical organizational structures. Transnational terrorists organizations are broadening their reach in financial resources too. They have global financing networks that include legal non-profit charities and businesses, as well as illegal activities such as drug smuggling and kidnapping. Kesselman , (2006) Globalization as an Obstacle to Counter-Terrorism Globalization have contributed a lot in the transnational terrorism with its new capabilities in all sectors , and this impedes the ability of nation-states to fight against terrorism effectively . The Existence of electronic commerce has weaken the abilities of the states to track , locate and prosecute the illegal activities in the cyber space and this has also played an important role in the effectiveness of the transnational terrorism. Even International institutions have not been up to the mark to promote international law and this has led to an increase in activities by transnational terrorist groups such as money laundering and arms trafficking which are considered as a criminal acts under international law.. In short , global law enforcement instruments have played little if any role in the fight against global terrorism Conclusion The relationship between globalization and transnational terrorism is one that has not been under consideration in current counter-terrorism efforts. When the characteristic of globalization can facilitates transnational terrorism, globalization can be used as a weapon against it. Therefore , its very necessary to first find out the relationship between globalization and terrorism before its too late . References : †¢ Nassar ,Jamal R. (2004). Globalization and Terrorism: The Migration of Dreams and Nightmares (Globalization (Lanham, MD. ). ). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. †¢ Mazru , Ali Alamin i , Kafrawi , Shalahudin and Sebuharara ,Ruzima (2004). Islam: Between Globalization & Counter-terrorism. Africa World Press. †¢ Stapley , Lionel (2006). Globalization and Terrorism: Death of a Way of Life. Karnac Books †¢ Combs , Cynthia C. (2005). Terrorism in the 21st Century (4th Edition). Prentice Hall. †¢ Kegley,Charles W. (2002). The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls. Prentice Hall. †¢ Baylis , John B,Smith, Steve and Owens, Patricia (2008). The Globalization of World Politics. Oxford University Press. †¢ Kesselman , Mark (2006). The Politics of Globalization: A Reader. Houghton Mifflin.

Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving

For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l... Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l... Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l...

Biography of Mark Dean, Computer Pioneer

Biography of Mark Dean, Computer Pioneer Mark Dean (born March 2, 1957) is an American inventor and computer engineer. He was part of the team that developed some of the key components to early computers in the 1980s. Dean holds three of the nine patents related to IBM’s personal computers, and his work forms part of the foundation of modern computing. Fast Facts: Mark Dean Occupation: Computer engineerKnown For: Co-inventor of the personal computerBorn: March 2, 1957 in Jefferson City, TennesseeEducation: University of Tennessee, Florida Atlantic University, Stanford UniversitySelected Honors: IBM Fellow, Black Engineer of the Year Presidents Award, National Inventors Hall of Fame inductee Early Life Dean was born in Jefferson City, Tennessee. He reportedly had an interest in science and a love for technology from a young age. His father was a supervisor at the Tennessee Valley Authority, the utility company founded during the Great Depression to help modernize and provide for the region. As a boy, Deans early building projects included building a tractor from scratch, with his father’s assistance, and his excellence at math caught the attention of teachers even when he was in elementary school. An excellent student as well as a student athlete, Dean did well throughout his schooling at Tennessee Valley High School. After high school, he went on to the University of Tennessee, where he majored in engineering and graduated at the top of his class in 1979. After college, Dean began looking for a job, eventually landing at IBM- a choice that would change his life and the entire computer science field. Career at IBM For the majority of his career, Dean was associated with IBM, where he pushed computer science and technology into a new era. Early in his career, Dean proved to be a real asset to the company, rising quickly and gaining the respect of more seasoned peers. His talent led him to work with another engineer, Dennis Moeller, to create a new piece of technology. The Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) systems bus was a new system that allowed peripheral devices such as disk drives, monitors, printers, modems, and more to be plugged directly into computers, for better-integrated and easier-to-use computing. Even while at IBM, Dean did not stop his education. Almost immediately, he returned to school at Florida Atlantic University to get his master’s degree in electrical engineering; the degree was conferred in 1982. In 1992, he also received a PhD in electrical engineering, this time from Stanford University. His ongoing education contributed to his ability to innovate in a time when computer science was developing and expanding rapidly. Over time, Deans work began to focus on improving the personal computer. He helped develop a color monitor for the PC, as well as other improvements. The IBM personal computer, released in 1981, began with nine patents for its technology, three of which belong specifically to Mark. In 1996, Deans work was rewarded at IBM when he was made an IBM Fellow (the highest honor for excellence at the company). This achievement was more than just personal for Dean: he was the first African-American to be awarded with this honor. Only a year later, in 1997, Dean received two more major recognitions: the Black Engineer of the Year Presidents Award and an induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Landmark Accomplishment Dean led a team that developed a huge breakthrough at IBM and for the computer world as a whole. With a team based out of IBM’s Austin, Texas, laboratory, Dean and his engineers created the first one gigahertz computer processor chip in 1999. The revolutionary chip, tasked with carrying out the calculations and basic processes of a computer, was capable of doing one billion calculations per second. With this new technology, the computer world took a giant leap forward. Over the course of his career, Dean had more than 20 patents registered for his innovation computer engineering work. He later climbed up the ranks at IBM as a Vice President overseeing the company’s San Jose, California, Almaden Research Center, as well as the chief technology officer for IBM Middle East and Africa. In 2001, he became a member of the National Academy of Engineers. Present-Day Career Mark Dean is the John Fisher Distinguished Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Tennessee. In 2018, he was named the interim dean of the university’s Tickle College of Engineering. Dean also made headlines back in 2011 when he about the declining popularity of the personal computer, very device he helped make commonplace. He even admitted that he had switched to primarily using a tablet. In the same essay, Dean reminded readers of the humanity that must underscore all technology usage: â€Å"These days, it’s becoming clear that innovation flourishes best not on devices but in the social spaces between them, where people and ideas meet and interact. It is there that computing can have the most powerful impact on economy, society and people’s lives.† Sources Brown, Alan S. Mark E. Dean: From PCs to Gigahertz Chips.† The Best of Tau Beta Pi (Spring 2015), https://www.tbp.org/pubs/Features/Sp15Bell.pdf.Dean, Mark. â€Å"IBM Leads the Way in the Post-PC Era.† Building A Smarter Planet, 10 August 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110813005941/http://asmarterplanet.com/blog/2011/08/ibm-leads-the-way-in-the-post-pc-era.html.â€Å"Mark Dean: Computer Programmer, Inventor.â€Å" Biography, https://www.biography.com/people/mark-dean-604036

What characteristics of the opposite gender do heterosexual males and Research Paper

What characteristics of the opposite gender do heterosexual males and females consider most important for sexual and marriage partners - Research Paper Example Many theories have been conceptualized based on the findings of the researches. Cross-cultural evidence proves that men tend to place more value on physical attractiveness while women seek earning potential and possession of resources as valuable traits of potential romantic partners. (Buss et al, 1990). Matlin (2008) explains this gender difference in trait preferences for a partner as based on an evolutionary psychology approach. According to this approach, people’s preferences have roots in evolution where men prefer young, attractive, healthy-looking women who are likely to pass on men’s genes to the next generation. On the other hand, women are drawn to men who are economically stable to ensure that their future children are well provided for (Matlin, 2008). This is consistent with the findings of Sakalli-Ugurlu (2003) where women were found to be more concerned about the future security of their future families than men are. Some have very high standards in their choices that nobody comes to par and they end up alone. Men and women hold different views on mate selection. This study aims to explore those differences, specifically on the traits they hold dear in prospective partners. ... These preference for so-called luxuries are held more by more affluent women in western cultures than women in poorer and more traditional cultures (Geary, Virgil and Byrd-Craven, 2004). Men consistently have admitted their primary preference for a partner’s youth and physical attractiveness as well as a mate’s chastity and sexual fidelity (Buss et al, 2001). This may be explained by the social structural theories. In most cultures, women view marriage as a ticket to material comfort so they search for potential husbands based on their economic potentials and resources. However, as cultures evolve, women have become more empowered in creating their own material abundance through their careers and as they gain economic equality with men, they now focus less on a potential mate’s resources and status and more on aforementioned relationship â€Å"luxuries† such as kindness, honesty and a sense of humor. This theory is backed up by Eagly & Wood (1999) who foun d that the structural features of societies may dictate mate preferences. For example, gender differences in preferences for a mate’s earning potential (men) and homemaking skills (women) may be strongly influenced by the economic status held by men and women in various societies. Following the tradition of large-scale studies of Buss (1990) and Eagly and Wood (1999), Lippa (2007) was likewise engaged in a more modern study involving an internet survey sponsored by BBC, wherein over 200,000 participants ranked their preferred traits in potential mates. The 23 trait choices were age, ambition, communication skills, dependability, domestic skills, face attractiveness, fitness, fondness for children, hands, health, honesty, humor, industriousness, intelligence,

Neuroscience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neuroscience - Research Paper Example Hence more research is warranted in the field of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of depression. The article is about a study by Ming-li et al (2011) in which the researchers examined the efficacy and also the safety of sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS (SEM-rTMS group) for the purpose of treatment of depression. This was a randomized controlled trial in which 164 patients were divided randomly into 3 groups. The patients recruited were those with a diagnosis of depression defined clinically. Psychoactive medication was stopped 7 days prior to the trial. The 3 groups were sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS group, the conventional rTMS group and the sham rTMS group. Patients in each of the assigned groups were treated with the assigned treatment for 30 minutes every day for 10 days. 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression was used for evaluation of response to treatment and clinical outcome. The results of the study show ed that in the SEM-rTMS group, 21 cases showed significant clinical improvement according to the scale when compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and only 2 in the sham-rTMS group.

Marketing management- next Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing management- next - Essay Example The target market for Next Direct in India mainly includes young age group of people from urban areas with higher middle income. In India, the domestic as well as some foreign apparel retailers are dominating and they are also offering online retailing services. Hence, it needs to reposition itself by offering comparatively lower priced brand products. The price is a key factor in Indian market and Next Direct must offer better discounts, offers though loyalty cards schemes. Moreover, Next Direct also needs to incorporate ethical marketing concepts for its Indian market by focusing on better consumer satisfaction level. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 4 PLC STAGE 5 TARGET MARKET 7 PRODUCT REPOSITIONING 10 PRICING STRATEGIES 12 ETHICS 13 CONCLUSION 14 RECOMMENDATION 15 REFERENCE 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 INTRODUCTION Next Plc is a UK-based retail chain and it also present in the multiple countries like India, China, European countries, U.S.A. etc. It is primarily engaged i n the retailing business of the apparels, accessories, home products and other electrical consumer durable products. In its domestic country, UK and in Eire it has nearly 500 stores. Besides, in International markets, it is operating with more than 180 stores (Next Plc-a, 2011). Recently, the retailer faced a steep fall in its sales revenue during financial crisis of 2007-2008. However, with the recovering economy, Next Plc’s financial statements are recovering with an increase in the sales comparing to the previous financial year. With recovering economy, the competition in the market is expected to intensify as its competitors will try to the recover their losses due to financial crisis during 2008 to 2009 (Clark, 2011). In such situation, Next Plc must try to reposition itself in the competitive market by gaining effective sustainable completive advantages. However, the recovering growth rate of UK (as per GDP real growth rate 1.6%) is much slower in comparison to other de veloping countries like China and India (CIA, 2011). Therefore, opportunities in these developing countries are far better than other recovering developing countries like UK and U.S.A. Next Plc can try to reposition its apparels in the Indian retail market as Indian economy is growing at a faster rate i.e. 8.3% (CIA-b, 2011). Next Plc can focus on its apparel product segments to reposition itself in Indian market. With enhancing disposable income of the Indian consumers demand for clothes and related accessories are rising (Mirdha, 2011). PLC STAGE Kasse has explained that a PLC â€Å"is the period of time, consisting of phases that begins when a product is conceived and ends when the product in no longer available for use† (Kasse, 2008, p.56). The clothes and apparels are generally belongs to the fashionable consumer products and fashion industry keeps changing its trends by introducing multiple product developments as per current trends. Generally, clothes can be categorize d into three types i.e. fashion, fad and basic products and hence, as per three types of apparel categories, the PLC is given below. Figure 1: PLC for Apparels and Clothes (Source: Cornell University, 2006) The basic clothes and apparels are already in its declining phase and fashionable clothes are in correct trend. However, the fad clothes have the minimum life cycle as its popularity changes frequently among the youngsters. BCG matrix is a model to

Symptoms Of Disorganized Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Symptoms Of Disorganized Schizophrenia Psychology Essay Schizophrenia  is a severe mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations and physical agitation; which typically causes such patients to severely misjudge the distinction between reality and their imagination. Schizophrenias prevalence in the world was highlighted as 26th in the list of diseases, ranked according to their contribution to their overall burden to society as a whole according to a study done by Murray and Lopez, 1996. For example, it is estimated to have cost the NHS an outstanding  £4.7 billion in the UK during 2004/05 [25]. In addition in this essay I will discuss a range of elements, from what factors increase the susceptibility of inducing schizophrenia and the current treatments on offer that will help alleviate common symptoms. The disease itself has a broad influence on several other prominent factors, involving both the individuals themselves but also the global community, which will be later discussed, in regards to their social and economic co ntext. Schizophrenia is such an enormous problem since no permanent cure currently exists. Types of schizophrenia There are 3 specific classes of schizophrenia [2]: Paranoid schizophrenia Disorganized schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia The dominant feature of paranoid schizophrenia is excessive suspicion and delusions of being oppressed. Symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia Disorganized schizophrenia usually becomes visible at an earlier age in comparison to the other types of schizophrenia. Individuals with disorganized schizophrenia struggle with the responsibility of supporting themselves. Therefore may be incapable of fulfilling basics needs, for example, being able to feed themselves. The following includes additional symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia: Weakened ability to communicate Slurred speech Immature behaviour Expression of inappropriate feelings, in the wrong situation. Symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia The interference in movement summaries catatonic schizophrenia: This can either be a decline in motor neuron activity (stupor state) or a rise in motor neuron activity (excited state). Stuporous (a  state  of unresponsiveness) motor signs. Sudden stoppage of all intentional movement and dialogue. Excited motor signs.  Occasionally, schizophrenics may drastically change from a state of stupor to a state of extreme exhilaration. Throughout this hyperactive phase, they may illustrate rapid speech or uncontrollable movement and even act out in violence, either self-inflicting or to someone else Example of the Symptoms of Schizophrenia [6] The following summarises common symptoms that arise in schizophrenics: Hallucinations Sudden changes in behaviour Depression Delusions Loss of insight What causes schizophrenia? The cause for schizophrenia has been the subject of vigorous debate, with numerous elements being proposed, discounted or amended. In contrary to this, it has to this day not yet been diagnosed by scientists to be solely induced by one particular factor. It is however thought to be a result of a combination of elements, which differ in every patient. Recent studies have suggested that the following have been significant contributors consisting of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, for example, prenatal development, genetics, psychology and neurobiology. [3] Genetic causes of schizophrenia Schizophrenia has a strong hereditary component which is shown to run in families, but no individual gene is accountable. It has been said that a combination of genes pose the potential to make people more susceptible to the disorder. In addition, people genetically predisposed to the condition have not always illustrated its symptoms, meaning that the biology of it will not guarantee having the condition. Studies imply that genes account for half (estimate) the risk of developing schizophrenia. Individuals with a parent or sibling who suffers from schizophrenia have a 10% chance of developing the illness, in comparison to the 1% chance of the general population. Identical twins who have precisely the same genetic make-up as one another, if one of the two siblings has schizophrenia, their twin has a 48% probability of developing it too. For example, Gottesman (1991) obtained data from the Maudsley twin register and then examined the records of 40 schizophrenics studies between 1948 and 1964.  Through statistical analysis he determined that 48% of the twins who were monozygotic (identical developed from one oocyte) happened to be concordant (when both have or both lack a given trait) and for dizygotic (not identical developed from two oocyte) only 16%.   This further demonstrates that schizophrenia is not solely genetic; otherwise the concordance for MZ twins would be 100%. Provided below is a table illustrating additional information regarding the risk of developing schizophrenia for different individuals [4]. Relatives with schizophrenia Chance of developing schizophrenia None 1 in 100 1 parent 1 in 10 1 identical twin (same genetic make-up) 1 in 2 1 non-identical twin (different genetic make-up) 1 in 80 Table 1: This table illustrates the risk of individuals developing schizophrenia if someone in their family has been diagnosed. Environmental causes of schizophrenia As discussed previously inherited genes make an individual greater exposed to schizophrenia and moreover environmental factors can too then act on this vulnerability to trigger the condition. In regards to the environmental aspects involved, on-going research is indicating the contribution of stress, either throughout pregnancy or at a further phase of life. High levels of stress activate schizophrenia by increasing the bodys manufacture of the steroid hormone cortisol. Cortisol normally controls the bodies fight or flight response, although long-term exposure can damage and reduce the number of nerve cells in the hippocampus, the brains primary memory centre. As a result theres a decline in the transmission of nerve impulses for memory recall, this damage results in memory loss and impaired learning, features associated with the mental disorder. Pregnancy where maternal stress is likely to be induced could possibly affect the development of the baby according to Gilmore Murrays study in 2006 [8] [23]. To determine whether prenatal stress alters neural, hormonal, and behavioural processes, in an experiment they carried out, pregnant rhesus monkeys were deliberately stressed frequently for 6 weeks of their pregnancy with various stimuli. Between 2-3 years of age, hippocampal volume, neurogenesis (generation of neurons), and cortisol levels were monitored in the offspring produced from both stressed and control pregnancies. Prenatal stress caused a reduced hippocampal volume and an inhibition of neurogenesis. These findings indicate that the prenatal environment can alter behaviour and affect the hippocampal structure of primates in a persistent manner. Furthermore if the mother happens to be anxious (stressed) while pregnant, there have been noticeable results suggesting reduced blood flow to the baby via the uterine arteries; blood vessels that supply nutrition and blood to the uterus. This could justify abnormalities in the development of the baby and the mothers high cortisol levels (a dominant stress hormone) could too pass onto the foetus. If adequate cortisol transports through the placenta from the mother to the foetus. This in turn could potentially affect the development of the brain and the future stress responses of the baby, thereby enhancing the risk of schizophrenia arising. Studies point to numerous stress-inducing environmental influences that may be related to schizophrenia, for example [22]: Inadequate oxygen levels during labour (due to prolonged labour or premature birth) Exposure to a virus during infancy e.g. T Gondi Drug abuse A relationship between marijuana use and the disorder has been suggested several years ago (Andreasson, Allebeck et al. 1987).   These conclusions have been validated by additional research.   Fundamentally, the deductions drawn from many of these reports were that marijuana use can induce psychosis.  Ã‚   For example, according to Thomas H, he stated the occurrence of psychotic symptoms amongst marijuana users in a random selection of volunteers from New Zealand. Fourteen percent of cannabis users described strange, unpleasant experiences such as hearing voices or becoming convinced that someone is trying to harm you or that you are being persecuted after consuming the substance. Such symptoms are frequent with schizophrenics too. [29] In addition Mathers DC conducted a study of patients residing in two London hospitals whose urine was investigated for the presence of cannabinoids (the active constituents of cannabis). They found a link between the presence of cannabinoids in urine and the disorder. This suggests a potential correlation and not entirely causual link, either that cannabis use increases the likely hood of being predisposed to a mental illness or that substance abuse is commonly adopted with post diagnosis [28]. The reliability of this data can be disputed even though it is a published study, a sample size made up of two individuals is notably small, especially when schizophrenia affects 1% of the global population, hence it may not be appropriate in statistical representation of the entire population because fewer risk factors can be taken into account to generate sound data, prove that a correlation exists and thus make any hypothesis meaningful. The cannabinoids found in cannabis, once consumed are thought to interfere with normal neural transmissions. The normal release of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine (chemicals that help transmit impulses) from post synaptic neurons are seen to be inhibited (Gill et al, 1970). In turn excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons were dramatically reduced. If this process becomes perpetual prominent effects of cannabinoids include disruption of psychomotor behaviour (such as speech and coordination) and shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term memory impairment [33].  In addition psychomotor retardation consists of several symptoms that have been acknowledged in schizophrenia. However there is miniscule evidence that such impairments are permanent stated by Manuel Morrens study in 2006. Abnormal brain structure Due to the progression in neuroimaging, technology now allows scientists to examine functions in living organisms and in particular brain structure. Investigations involving schizophrenics have identified irregularities in brain structure according to Johnstone (1976) [27]. Such as the expansion of the ventricles (fluid-filled cavities), the decline in size and metabolic activity in particular brain regions. These brain ventricles signify an insufficiency in the volume of brain matter. In addition evidence of abnormally low activity in the frontal lobe; the area of the brain accountable for higher order functioning including; speech and decision-making has too been gathered. Which could explain why schizophrenics experience slurred speech. Regardless of the evidence of brain abnormalities, it is doubtful that schizophrenia is caused by a single issue in any one area of the brain. Moreover microscopic studies of dead brain tissue in schizophrenics have also illustrated slight alterati ons in the distribution of brain cells. However these defects are not characteristic of  all  people with schizophrenia, neither do they happen  solely in people with the disorder. [7][8] This image is of 28-year-old identical twins, one with schizophrenia and the other well. Hence it clearly illustrates two points: (1) schizophrenia is a brain disease with measurable structural and functional abnormalities in the brain; and (2) it is not solely a genetic disease, and that other biological elements contribute in its etiology. C:UsersRahmanDocumentsSchizopherniaschizophrenia-brains-identical-twins.jpg Figure 1 MRI scans of 28-year-old identical male twins showing the enlarged brain ventricles in the twin with schizophrenia (right) compared to his well brother (left) Neurotransmitters Brain cells need messages to be transported between them; neurotransmitters are the chemicals that carry out this requirement. Neurotransmitters and schizophrenia have shown to demonstrate a relationship since medicines that adjust the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are recognized to alleviate a few of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore schizophrenia could possibly be triggered by an alteration in the level of the two neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine chemicals that help transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell (neurone) to another across a synapse (gap between two neurones), investigations have suggested [7][8]. Lastly the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine thought to reduce relapse time (suffer deterioration after a period of improvement), which too blocks dopamine-receptor complexes forming suggests that an imbalance of the two could possibly be the foundation of the problem. Genes In addition in 2006 a Gene linked to schizophrenia had been found, a University team from Edinburgh found people predisposed with what is called Neuregulin (gene) had a higher chance of developing similar psychotic symptoms. The longitudinal study followed a group of 200, of the same age and gender, for a period of 10 years. [9][10][11] This study could be deemed reliable to an extent, seeing as though 10 years is an extremely substantial amount of time, hence a vast amount of data could be collected to either support or disprove the theory. In addition by following individuals of the same age and gender, further risk factors that could influence the results were controlled. Meaning the data would be valid, because any results would be more likely to be influenced by genes alone. Neuregulin 3 is clearly one more gene to add to the few currently known to contribute to schizophrenia, says David Valle, director of the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins. Pregnancy and birth complications The following circumstances increase the risk of the child developing schizophrenia later in life [8]: Exposure to a virus while in the womb Asphyxia (Lack of oxygen) during birth Malnutrition during pregnancy (Susser et al. 1996) How is schizophrenia treated? Due to the cause for schizophrenia still being undetermined, treatments target alleviating the symptoms. These include the use of both antipsychotic medication and various other psychosocial management techniques. Antipsychotic drugs assist in normalizing the biochemical imbalances that cause schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications Medications used to treat schizophrenia are referred to as antipsychotics. Antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists they block receptors on the surface of neurons. How do antipsychotic drugs work? Neurons (nerve cells) carry electrical impulses through their branches. Neurons communicate chemically by sending out bursts of chemical signals (neurotransmitters NTs) into the synapse (space between neurons) and then sticking to receptors on receiving neuron. Receptors are shaped to fit with specific NTs and generate a new signal/change in the receiving cell. Molecules of antipsychotic drugs are deliberately shaped so that they stick to the dopamine receptors first; therefore preventing the binding of NTs so no signal goes through to the post-synaptic/receiving cell. [30] G:BlackBerrypicturesIMG00079-20130303-1521.jpg Figure 2 The picture above illustrates how the antipsychotic drug works by blocking the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron. The following include frequently used medicine [13]: Chlorpromazine C:UsersRahmanDocumentsSchizopherniaChlorpromazine 2D skeletal.png Figure 3 This picture illustrates the chemical composition of the antipsychotic Clozapine.Haloperidol Ondansetron Clozapine Clozapine as mentioned above is an effective drug utilized in treating psychotic symptoms, for example, hallucinations or long breaks with reality. Because antipsychotic drugs inhibit neurotransmitter and receptor complexes forming, such nerve impulses cannot be passed on through the neural pathway. In turn this prevents such thoughts from being processed by the CNS (central nervous system), including the brain and hence the patient doesnt encounter similar problems as before. However it too has its drawbacks, it can occasionally result in the loss of white blood cells which assist the immune system to fight off infection. As a result clozapine users require regular weekly blood tests in order to have their white blood cell count checked [26]. Moreover such a side effect can become an issue where health services are limited in availability, as well as the problem of being able to cope with the cost of blood tests and medicine, making treatment with clozapine demanding for a large majority of individuals. However clozapine is potentially valuable for those who have developed a resistance to alternative antipsychotic medication. What are the side effects? Further side effects may occur when schizophrenics begin taking their medication. Side effects of many antipsychotics include [14]: Tiredness Light-headedness Obscured vision Increased heart rate Inflammation Menstrual complications for women. One of the challenges with any form of medication is that a minority of individuals unable to tolerate the adverse side effects of the drug prescribed for their condition terminate its use into several months of their treatment. Furthermore in reference to a more serious medical note, persistent use (over several years) of antipsychotic drugs pose the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia (TD), a disorder categorised by involuntary movements. This may involve jerk movements of the limps (arms or legs) and certain other features of the body. However it only occurs in between 15-20% of all cases. The symptoms of TD are minor, to the extent where patients could possibly be unaware [13]. Its cause is supposed to be a result of prolonged inhibition of dopamine D2  receptors (a cell that dopamine binds to) which is thought to cause a surge in the quantity of D2  receptors in the striated section of the brain (regulates muscle contraction). This increase of D2  receptors enhances the chance of dopamine-receptor complexes forming, thereby leading to further impulsive muscle contraction. [34] Moreover typical antipsychotics can lead to severe obesity and alterations in a persons metabolism. This in turn can increase the possibility of diabetes and high cholesterol levels forming (therefore there is a need for doctors to regularly monitor a persons weight, glucose levels and liquid levels). Psychosocial Treatments (Alternative Treatment) Along with the more common psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, for example, hallucinations, which antipsychotic drugs have demonstrated to alleviate. Patients are still left dealing with the behavioural difficulties of the condition. This treatment aims to ease psychological distress through a more personal and interactive process, rather than the use of medication. The following include methods in helping to treat these behavioural issues [5]: Individual/Group Psychotherapy consists of repeated scheduled talks between the patient(s) and a psychiatrist. Giving him/her the opportunity to discuss the difficulties that leave them feeling distressed in an intimate and safe environment. In turn the weight off having to deal with the problem alone can be removed, the psychiatrist can then provide an explanation for the suffering that is progressive that is, the patient understands something can be done to mend the situation. This leads them to conducting themselves in a healthier and active manner, whether it is thinking more positively or they learn how to maintain better relationships. This seems to be effective because the patient is given the self-belief that any improvements are down to their own merit. Family Education This involves teaching several coping techniques to families for the purpose of dealing more effectively with their ill relative. Relatives can be crucial tools when dealing with schizophrenics, with their support and guidance patients can find some form of normality and alleviate the effects of solitude, just one of the many symptoms of the condition. In general with the combination of medicinal and psychosocial treatment, patients quality of life of can be drastically improved. However dont be deceived, the treatment process for some individuals can be difficult to follow, in reference to drug side effects treatment may be discontinued. This is where relatives can be vital in assisting that patients do not relapse. C:UsersRahmanDocumentsSchizopherniapsychiatry-couch2.jpg Figure 4 this picture illustrates a comfortable environment, typically in a psychiatrics place of practice where the patient can discuss his feelings on topics that cause concern and thereby hopefully reduce his psychological suffering. This should improve his quality of life. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ECT is scarcely implemented in the treatment of schizophrenia (e.g. exceptions may include when there is a high risk of suicide). The following describes how the treatment would typically be conducted [32]; The patient will have a pulse oximeter connected to them, in order to monitor blood oxygen levels. Electrodes will then be placed onto the recipients chest so that the electrical activity across the patients heart can be observed using an electrocardiogram (ECG) In addition an  electroencephalogram (EEG)  will too be simultaneously utilized to monitor brain activity The monitoring of blood pressure is imperative, so that any faults during the treatment can be identified immediately; hence a blood pressure cuff is positioned onto the recipients arm. Using a sharp hollow needle connected to a transparent tube, access to the blood vessel is obtained for the administration of drugs A sedated state is induced using the appropriate drugs to prevent erratic movement and a constant supply of oxygen is provided throughout the procedure. Next a bite block is placed in the patients mouth because the jaw tightens during the treatment and weakened teeth could break. Additional electrodes are placed onto the head; the electrical current is then applied through the scalp of the brain causing a seizure to occur. What the seizures are thought to do vary, suggestions include causing alterations in brain chemistry, especially in the balance of neurotransmitters, and hence the brain can function normally because nerve impulses are neither slowed down or too fast. An alternative theory suggests that ECT can stimulate the growth of new cells and nerve pathways in certain areas of the brain, as a resultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which can quickly inverse the symptoms of such an illness, the specifics yet remain unknown (Wahlund B   Von Rosen D, 2003). Evidence from randomised control trials (RCTs) have shown restricted success, lasting short term (Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, 1999). The typical side effects that arise seem to include; muscle aches, headaches and memory loss instantly after the procedure. Disadvantages of Psychosocial Treatments With any form of treatment, certain limitations will always follow; this includes that psychotherapy will naturally take a significantly longer span of time, in order for noticeable improvements to be seen in patients in comparison to drug therapy [24]. This is because psychotherapy very much depends on the use of the patients own mental experiences to bring about the desired changes, whereas drugs will have the desired effect regardless. Moreover in regards to the financial aspect of the treatment, it can too place a severe burden on health services to facilitate either group or individual therapy sessions at the tax payers expense, it has been estimated to cost society  £2 Billion in direct cost of treatment in 2004/05 (Mangalore R, Knapp M, 2007). In addition psychotherapy alone is not completely successful and effective in people with  a severe psychological state, so drugs can sometimes be the only form of treatment. Research into Stem Cell Treatment for Schizophrenia (Potential Treatment in the Future) Stem cells are unspecialized cells that hold the potential to differentiate into any type of cell found within the human body [19]. The National Institutes of Health states that stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. [15] Stem cells hold the potential of great breakthroughs in the science community, in this case the possibility of an effective cure being manufactured in the future. However since our current limitations with the research, for example, problems with deliberate cell differentiation and the undetermined cause for schizophrenia such research has been delayed not till another 50-100 years so our understanding of stem cells is at an adequate level. However there are ethical issues that would arise in treating schizophrenia with stem cell therapy once scientifically possible. For the predominant reason that the pluripotent stem cells needed for research are solely present in embryos and the extraction of these would result in its death. For those people who believe that life begins at conception, this may be perceived as murder, seeing as though a viable life had been forcefully refused and to destroy it is immoral [15]. Furthermore like any other new technology, because we have not had a vast amount of time to study it to gather sufficient information on its broad impact; it is completely unknown what the long-term effects of such an intrusion with nature could mean to society. Such as will patients grow an extra arm in 10 years from the point of its use? Lastly stem cells derived from embryos that are not a patients own may be identified as a foreign body, so may be rejected. Therefore stem cell therapy may not always be appro priate. Although in order to balance the argument, stem cell therapy could be substantially beneficial to our society, it could potentially mean a cure, where patients would no longer suffer from the condition after treatment, resulting in a better quality of life. It could therefore replace conventional types of treatment e.g. medicine that are prescribed on a regular/life time basis. Thereby removing the pain inflicted on peoples lives caused by side effects and limits they can place such as, not being able to work from being too tired but more importantly reducing the burden placed on society by schizophrenia, for example, the financial expense of producing drugs. Furthermore if the development of new drugs in this area are no longer as important, a by-product could mean fewer pressures to experiment on animals, which is a constituent of the drug development cycle. Hence animals would be subject to less brutality such experiments hold. With anything, the pros and cons must be weighted out , so that a decision suiting the majority is made. C:UsersRahmanDocumentsSchizopherniaStem cells.jpg Figure 5 This illustration depicts pluripotent stem cells ability to differentiate into a range of cells found in our bodies, for example, neurons. Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells Research carried out by Professor Fred Gage, an expert in genetics has successfully been able to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) created from schizophrenic patients. Sages study published in the journal Nature (April 13, 2011) suggests both that neurons formed from such individuals made fewer links with each other in comparison to neurons found in non-sufferers of the condition. Such research will have a variety of beneficial impacts, including as stated by Gage [20][21]: With further research there is potential of possibly replacing such abnormal neurons related to the condition with healthy ones.This model not only affords us the opportunity to look at live neurons from schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals to understand more about the disease mechanism, but also to screen for drugs that may be effective in reversing it. C:UsersRahmanDocumentsSchizopherniastem cells from schizophrenics.jpg Figure 6 This picture illustrates the healthy neural pathway in the brain generated from schizophrenia patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. The Cost of Schizophrenia to Society: Economical Implication Also, for the government, especially in the UK where health care is provided free of charge, people with schizophrenia can be a severe financial constraint. Because such patients suffer from numerous debilitating  symptoms, including depression and hallucinations. Doctors will prescribe medication in order to combat this, in this instance antidepressants (e.g. prozac) or antipsychotics of which both need to be paid for. This cost is financed by the tax payers, the problem doesnt stop there. With any drug, side effects are present as a result of its usage; doctors too prescribe further medicine to treat these symptoms. The domino effect of over scribing medicine leaves the country with an overwhelming financial cost. In regards to Mangalore and Knapps study in 2007 indirect societal costs for schizophrenia were estimated to once have had an expenditure of  £4.7 billion in the UK in 2004/05 [25]. According to Marwaha Johnsons journal published in 2004, it showed that amongst those with long-term mental health problems in particular schizophrenia, only 24% were employed [18]. As a result, in order for such people to maintain a standard of living, such as being able to purchase food and pay rent on their homes, they will usually claim an incapacity benefit entitling them to some money per week. This cost will be supplemented by the government once again, adding to the total financial burden left by mental disorder patients. Social Implication The improper treatment and dismissal of the symptoms of schizophrenia can be overwhelming for the patient and those surrounding him/her.  Examples of the possible effects of schizophrenia include the following: Suffering from schizophrenia can make being employed and retaining relationships immensely challenging, because such patients frequently suffer from relapses, typically involving hallucinations; whereby the patient claims to see things that arent really there. This can cause them to develop trust issues and communication problems, sometimes feeling that they are being persecuted by the individuals themselves. As a result, the patients keep themselves isolated, disregarding their support or even presence. This may ultimately lead to the loss of relationships, which can have a psychological toll on the family members too who care for the person, knowing that they may never truly embrace the same person again. In addition schizophrenics ar